Previous studies suggested that MSCs can enhance angiogenesis through the secretion of proangiogenic factors, which promote the migration and proliferation of endothelial cells and support the stabilization and maturation of newly formed vessels. It is now widely accepted that MSCs exert pleiotropic therapeutic effects predominantly via the secretion of soluble factors including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and extracellular vesicles, which perform anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, chemoattractive, proangiogenic, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative, and anti-fibrotic functions in damaged tissues, promoting the healing process. The number of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) studies has been increasing. The versatile nature of stem cells makes them desirable for use in human and veterinary medicine. Remote application of MSC, as opposed to direct injection, is advisable, especially in the case of multiple wounds, since the results were indistinguishable between the groups and injection trauma was shown to slow healing. Thus, even a one-time application of MSCs was effective during the first 3–5 days after injury due to anti-inflammatory processes, which improved the regeneration process. The dynamics of the size of the wounds were comparable for both local and remote application of MSCs. ![]() On day 7, all the studied parameters of the wounds of the Control_0 group were the same as those of the wounds that received cell therapy, although in contrast to the results of the Control_ NaCl group, fibroblast proliferation was greater in the MSC and Control_sc groups. The MSC and Control_sc groups demonstrated improved microcirculation and suppression of leukocyte infiltration on day 3. In both MSC groups (unlike in either control group), we observed no increase in the area of the wounds in addition, we observed inhibition of the inflammatory process and improved wound regeneration on days 1–3 in the remote group and days 1–5 in the local (injected) group. The results showed that the injection trauma (Control_NaCl) slowed the regeneration process. Histological and morphometric studies were performed on days 3 and 7 after the wounds were created. The area and temperature of the wounds and the microcirculation of the wound edges were measured. Four groups were studied in two series of experiments: (1) a Control_NaCl group (the wounds were injected with 0.9% NaCl solution) and a Control_0 group (intact wounds on the opposite side of the same rat’s back) (2) an MSC group (injected MSCs, local effect) and a Control_sc group (intact wounds on the opposite side of the back, remote MSC effect). ![]() The study was conducted on the backs of Wistar rats, where two square wounds were created by removing all layers of the skin. ![]() We evaluated the efficacy of locally administered mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from human umbilical cords on the dynamics of skin wound healing. Wound healing is an important medical problem.
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